If we measure history across all recorded human activity, almost every nation on earth has had a civil war, some have had more than one.
You do not specify which country / which war you are asking about - but while the events leading up to each were different, the causes are often the same.
One group of the population was so bitterly opposed to the activities of another group that there was no common grounds between them for discussions to develop.
The divisions were - in almost all cases - so black and white that people were either on one side or the other.
Intransigence on both sides eventually leads to armed conflict.
The cause of the division can be commercial, political, social, etc.
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The debate on slavery and the fact that the north were treated more generously then the south
The civil war was fought in this time period.
The election of Abraham Lincoln as a President of the United States in 1860 Indeed that happened before the outbreak of the Civil War.
The Civil War was triggered by the bombardment of Fort Sumter on Apr. 12, 1861.
The United States civil war officially began in the year 1861 and ended in 1865.
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