Two 19th century events effectively nullified the 1820 Missouri Compromise, a law which dictated exactly where in the US it would be legal to own slaves.
The first of these events was the Dred Scott v. Sandford federal case of 1857. In what is popularly known as the "Dred Scott Decision," slave Dred Scott attempted to sue for his and his family's freedoms as they had been taken as slaves into free states by their owners. The Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans, whether or not they were slaves, could not be citizens and therefore could not sue in court - effectively negating any protection or power the 1820 Missouri Compromise might have afforded.
After this, the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act essentially repealed the earlier Missouri Compromise. This new law allowed settlers of new westen territories to decide if they'd allow the practice in their new land, regardless of whether or not that land was located within the geographic boundaries set by the latter (most did not).
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The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´.
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compromises: Compromise of 1850, and the Missouri Compromise Act: the Kansas Nebraska act :)
both the Missouri compromise of 1820 and the compromise of 1850 settled conflicts between the north and the south over