Ohio Republican, Warren G. Harding, was the first president elected while still serving a term in the United States Senate. Harding, a conservative Republican, signed the first child welfare bill into law, and attempted to get an anti-lynching bill passed to protect African-Americans.
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president pro tempore
The Vice President of the US is the Senate President, however, he can appoint or delegate any of the senators to officiate on his absence which is called the President's Pro Tempore. The 113th Congress Presidents Pro Tempore as Jan 3, 2013 is Patrick J. Leahy.
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy
The Vice President has the power to break a tie vote in the Senate. This is the only actual power he has and on occasion it has been important. His real function is to be able to seamlessly step into the Presidency if something happens to the President. It is not really a job and there is not much he needs to do to prepare since it will probably never happen, but if its does, it is tremendously important.
The vice president does not run for office in the primary or general election. He is selected by the Presidential candidate to be a running mate. The Executive Branch consists of the President, Vice President and Cabinet. The Cabinet members are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. Therefore, the only elected official in the Executive Branch is the President.