Rene Descartes was the father of rationalism.
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Rationalism
Rationalism is the act of using rationality in solving problems or thinking about an issue. For example, Richard Dawkins is known for using rationalism when thinking about religion.
American Romantic writers reject rationalism because they believe that intuition and imagination yield greater truths.
In modern Western view, rationalism is 'any view appealing to reason as a source of wisdom'. It is the belief that 'the criterion of truth' is not sensory but 'logical'. In politics, 'rationalism' is a development since Enlightenment that emphasizes a 'politics of reason' (setting aside emotion), this has especially been promoted by 'liberalism'.
Eli Whitney