Because some people didn't own any land, or they lost their land because they were not able to pay back the money they borrowed, they often became sharecroppers.
Emancipation caused a labor shortage on the plantations in the South. The former slaves had no money with which to purchase land. Sharecropping was the solution.
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Large planters have no slaves to work in it so many freedmen and poor whites went to work for large planters. In return they gave them a share of crop at harvest time. wht
So many freedmen and poor whites became sharecroppers.
In Vicksburg there are a plethora (a lot) of stores and several of the stores treat the blacks well.
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It looked like the obvious move up from slavery - half-owning the crops you cultivated on someone else's land.
Reconstruction raised taxes for rebuilding. There was corruption in the government. For black people, there were few job oppourtunities. Many black people became sharecroppers. The Ku Klux Klan formed during reconstruction. And even though blacks were supposedly deemed separate but equal, that was not the case. Many whites wanted to stop blacks from voting.