England became Catholic again under Queen Mary I, when Protestants were persecuted. Then England became Protestant again under Elizabeth I, and Catholics were persecuted. This caused uproar in Europe, and England went to war with Spain, prompting the Spanish Armada to attempt an invasion of England. Meantime, the colonies in Ireland were being attacked by locals, and Queen Elizabeth didn't have an heir. Queen Mary I of Scotland was hatching a plot against Elizabeth's life, and was imprisoned and beheaded, causing much antagonism between Scotland and England. The East India Company was founded, starting the economic growth that would lead to the British Empire. When Elizabeth died in 1603, the crown passed to James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England as well. He was the son of Mary I of Scotland, and was deeply unpopular. Catholic rebels under Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament with the King inside, but luckily the attempt failed. When James died, Charles I became king, and he dissolved Parliament, as he believed in the divine right of kings. This prompted civil war, and in 1648, Charles had his head cut off and Great Britain became a republic for twelve years - a period in which theatre, dancing and Christmas were banned, and sober puritanism was the order of the day
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Technically, there were no British people in 1550-1650 since Britain wasn't formed until 1707. During that time span, England experienced an industrial boom that benefited the wealthy and middle classes. The poor were often farmers who subsisted on the land.
Some world events that occurred between 1550 and 1650 were that Queen Elizabeth I became the ruler of England and Ireland. The Peace of Westphalia agreement was made to end the Thirty Year War in India and Germany. The first French settlement was made in Quebec.
Willem Janzoon was an important person in Australia between 1550 and 1650. He was a Dutch explorer who first set foot on the land in 1606. He and others explored the land but did not make any settlements for over a hundred years.
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The Age of Discovery.