John Hay was Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Hay's trading rights in China was an open door policy that would allow all nations in the trade agreement access to China's markets.
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In 1899 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed an "Open Door" policy in China in which all nations would have equal trading and development rights throughout all of China.
sphere of influence and extraterritorial rights
I think you meant to ask: What country began trading opium with china? The answer to that is: England. They trade opium with china in return for tea.
The Politburo, a group of about 20 top party leaders, make China's national policy.
China was required to trade with all foreign powers. A policy to encourage free trade