They both blossomed under the control of their rulers. They both had a large army to take over. And lastly, they both fell under the army of invaders. Both of the army used lots of war elephants and advance weapons.
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Religion
There are many differences. One key difference is Religion where the Mauryans followed Buddhism and the Gupta Empire followed Hinduism. Other differences are from how each empire collapsed. The Mauryan Empire collapsed due to dynastic siputes and invasions. The Gupta Empire collapsed because of the corrupt governors, little central control, and pressure from the huns.
The Mauryan Dyanst lasted 136 years. From 321 B.C to 185 B.C..
Gupta
There were two epics from that time: the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.