When coffee became popular, coffeehouses started to appear. Coffeehouses functioned as information exchanges for scientists, businessmen, writers, and politicians. Some coffeehouses displayed commodity prices, share prices, or shipping lists on their walls. They also became associated with specific trades, acting as meeting places where actors, musicians, or sailors could go if they were looking for work. In London, people gave their postal addresses as coffeehouses. For example, Richard Steele, the Tatler's editor, gave its postal address to the Grecian coffeehouse. After this, it became a common practice to use a coffeehouse as a mailing address. Coffeehouse discussions both modeled and reflected public opinion, forming a unique bridge between the public and private worlds.
Toussaint L'Ouverture was an important leader of the Haitian Revolution.
Stalin had a tendency to maintain the status quo in the Cold War. He was not willing to negotiate or offer compromises to the US.
Lawyers were wealthy members of the Bourgeoisie and were highly regarded during the French Revolution. Lawyers were members of the Third Estate, which had been abused by the other two Estates, paying the largest tax burden and receiving less benefits.
Lower class, and poor women in France joined in the demonstrations against the tyranny of the French monarchy. The poor were usually the more conservative of the Revolution. For example, poor women of Paris demonstrated for bread instead of equal rights. Poor rural women demonstrated against the Revolution's exclusion of religion, because so much of their ritual and personal expression was associated with the church.
Living at the borders, historically they played a big role in expansion. But they fought against the Russian revolution with the white army, lost, were repressed and many had to immigrate.
their translation of ancient Greek writings preserved ancient knowledge
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Women's role in the scientific revolution was minimal. Maria Winkelmann Kirch, wife of astronomer Gottfried Kirch, worked alongside the husband and made observations and calculations for the scientific revolution. Apparently, Kirch's three sister-in-laws were also engaged in scientific observations.
In the 1700’s coffee was introduced to Europe and coffeehouses began to become popular places. People could discuss the problems within the society and intellectuals would hold meetings. The exchange of ideas and discussions led to people thinking in new ways.
The scientific revolution in Europe from 1500 to 1800 involved the overthrow of an old entrenched orthodoxy. New technology in the revolution was measuring devices, dentistry, surgical techniques and the mechanical calculator. The new technology played a role in the revolutionary scientific changes and experimental developments.
their translation of ancient Greek writings preserved ancient knowledge
Their independence from government and church control.
Their independence from government and church control.
Humanism played a pivotal role in the scientific revolution by emphasizing the importance of reason, observation, and critical thinking. Humanist ideas encouraged scholars to question traditional beliefs and authority, leading to advancements in areas such as astronomy, medicine, and physics. This shift in thinking laid the foundation for the development of the scientific method and the subsequent explosion of scientific discoveries.
it convinced many europeans to value logic and reason over religion and tradition
It convinced many Europeans to value logic and reason over religion and tradition
Identifying the prime mover of any specific revolution can vary based on the context you are referring to. In general, the prime mover of a revolution is typically seen as the individual or group that initiates or catalyzes significant change or uprising against a particular system or authority. Examples could include influential leaders, activists, or organizations that play pivotal roles in sparking and driving the revolution forward.