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They were simply called "convicts".
The government formed alliances by signin treatys such as the SEATO and ANZUS Treaty
Mary Bryant (1765- ?) was a Cornish convict sent to Australia. She became one of the first successful escapees from the fledging Australian penal colony. Australia is a self-contained country, but Mary Bryant would have been sent to the New South Wales colony, as it was the only one established at the time of her internment.
about 11.365.000 peoples are lived in Australia in 1965
The last transport to bring convicts to Australia landed at Fremantle on the 10th of January, 1868. Pressure from the eastern colonies, together with the rising costs of keeping the system going, prompted the British government to announce in 1865 that after three years, no more convicts would be sent to Australia. The approximate number of convicts sent to the Australian colonies during the period of transportation has been 160,500, of whom 24,700 were women.