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Menes established Memphis as the capital of Lower Egypt. Memphis was located on the Nile river just south-east of Cairo. Memphis had easy access to the Aegean sea.
Narmer also known as Menes ruled upper Egypt and was able to control lower Egypt and unite them both.
King Narmer was an Ancient Egyptian king that is thought to be the same person as the Scorpion King. He united upper and lower Egypt and created the double crown, which is worn by the king of upper and lower Egypt.
The double, red-over-white pharoah's crown that symbolized Upper and Lower Egypt is called a peshant.
The ancient capital was likely a city called Thebes. Ahmose I founded a new age for a unified Egypt with Thebes as its capital. The city remained as capital during most of the 18th Dynasty (New Kingdom).Memphis was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt