The majority would agree that there are three periods of history:
A/ Prehistory - Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalkolithic ages. The dawn has gone as back as 3.2 million years [Lucy]
B/ History before the birth of Jesus Christ - Ancient History, the dawn of written history, Bronze and Iron ages. C/ History after the birth of Jesus Christ, Middle ages, Renaissance and Modern history. Developments in history were happening in different parts of the world at a slow pace. The first states as we understand the term today were created in Mesopotamia and Persia. The first European state with the today's meanning was the Minoan civilization. The first European Empire that extended to both Europe and Asia was the one Alexander the great created from 334 to 323 BCE. The Roman Empire followed from 27BCE to 476 AD/ CE which was split to the Western Roman Empire that lead to the creation of nations states as we understand the term today and the Eastern Roman Empire that soon became the Byzantine Empire [from 330 to 1453AD/ CE] .
The Byzantine Empire was followed by the Ottoman Empire that lasted from 1453 AD/ CE to 1923. In the mean time the Portugese, the Spanish, the French, the Netherlands, the Belgian, the German and British Empires were created. What it is considered as the modern western civilization was found in the years of the Hellenic Classic History times, specificly Athens and the Golden Age of Pericles 5th century BCE.
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Periods mean eras centuries ages
The periods used to divide world history by historians are the Middle Ages, Late Middle Ages, Dark Ages, Stone Age, Iron Age, Bronze Age, pre-war, post-war, and many others to mark events, prehistory, and notable periods.
Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age
the labels are based on christian traditions and do not represent all world cultures.
Chronological Thinking