De facto discrimination
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Vassalage is the relationship between the feudal lord and his vassal. Kings had higher lords as vassals, and higher lords had lower lords as vassals. The practice was called subinfeudation.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed by Congress under the strong leadership of President Lyndon B. Johnson and with the support of many moderate and liberal Republicans as well as most Democrats. This law was a huge step forward in the Civil Rights Movement. It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in voter registration requirements, public schools, other publicly-owned facilities such as parks and swimming pools, in employment decisions by private companies such as who to hire, promote, and fire and how much employees were paid, and in "public accommodations" such as hotels, motels, restaurants, and theaters, and made the rights under this law enforceable in federal courts. Before this law was passed, employers were allowed to pay blacks less than whites for the same work and refuse to promote blacks who were better qualified than the whites who got the job (the same applied to women versus men), movie theaters could exclude blacks entirely or allow them to sit only in the worst seats, and city governments in the South could exclude blacks from public beaches. It was true that all this continued to happen, but now at least blacks could claim a clear legal right to equal treatment and bring a case in federal court (less likely to have a racist judge than a judge elected or appointed locally in the state court system) to enforce their rights.
Not only did Taino women farm but they along with the men, worked on a style of gardens called Conuco. These were gardens of raised soil beds that allowed for more air to work with the planted seed. The results were frequent and abundant crops.
Yellow Journalism. You ask the question as if it were only practiced in the past. There are still a lot of papers that practice it - some only occasionally - others almost continuously.
The Bolsheviks main opponents were called the Mensheviks.