because they could of committed treason or petty treason.
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A whipping boy was a person who took the punishment for a prince or lords son it was suposed to humble the prince for causing pain on another human being
They suffered by being whipped and starved.
The Gilded Age was occuring, and a rise of immigration, also land rushes were being prolonged.
During this time there was no mass media so most people went to public places to find out what was going on in parliament etc. I suppose one of the reasons is that if the execution was carried out in public then an example was being made and people would be less likely to break the law.
Life was extremely bad, there food would be dirty and rotten. Also the ships would have been infested with mice and worms. Aswell as that though many sailors had to sleep on deck in cold winter nights with just there 1 set of clothes on. Isn't that awful?