Excommunication and Fines. They could also use public humiliation.
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The only people that could constrain a king or great noble were the catholic church, and the pope.
It could be Lebanon.
Providing a generation of women with experience in political actions
I don't know about Henry VII establishing a church, but Henry VIII was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic church and subsequently the Church of England was established. Henry wanted a divorce from Katherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. This caused a lot of problems, not least of which was the question of divorce being, well, out of the question. I realise my answer is daubed with quite a wide brush and lacking detail, but I'm sure Hedley can fill in the gaps!
Bibles were in Latin because that was the official language of the Catholic Church. It also meant that only the educated people, (mainly priests or those working for the church), could interpret what was written in the book to the people. It was not only the Bible which was in Latin, most official documents, (deeds, land grants, etc.), were also in Latin, which required someone, often trained by the church, to read and write them.