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Who was Lachlan Macquarie?
Lachlan Macquarie was Governor of the New South Wales colony in Australia from 1810 to 1821. He helped to develop the New South Wales colony from from penal colony to free settlement. He was the one to introduce the first building code into the colony; requirements of the building code included that all buildings must be constructed of timber or brick; they must have a shingle tile roof; and they must have a proper chimney, to minimise fire risk. He also ordered that roads, bridges, wharves, churches and public buildings be constructed. After Macquarie inspected Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land, now Tasmania, he ordered a proper survey of a regular street layout, and this layout still forms the current centre of the city of Hobart. Macquarie promoted exploration in order to facilitate the spread of settlement. In 1813 he sponsored Blaxland, Wentworth and Lawson on their journey across the Blue Mountains, where they found the grazing plains of the interior. Following their discovery, Macquarie ordered the establishment of Bathurst, Australia's first inland city. He appointed John Oxley as surveyor-general and sent him on expeditions up the coast of New South Wales and inland to find new rivers and new lands for settlement. The Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers in NSW are named after him.
Why did the Europeans need to cross the Blue Mountains?
When the First Fleet arrived in New South Wales in 1788, all efforts concentrated on developing farmland and a food supply to support the convict colony. Free settlers also began to arrive, lured by the promise of a better life in the new, young country. This placed considerable strain on New South Wales's resources, and farmers saw the need for expansion beyond the Blue Mountains, which had provided an impassable barrier to the west. The expedition to cross the Blue Mountains grew out of this need. Gregory Blaxland was a wealthy grazier who had come to Australia in 1806. He stood to gain much by finding a route to new grasslands for his stock. Blaxland approached Governor Macquarie about funding an expedition to cross the Blue Mountains. Though Macquarie found Blaxland to be troublesome and discontented, and felt he should be growing grain to feed the colony rather than the lazy option of grazing cattle. Nonetheless, Macquarie granted approval for the expedition.
What is the name given to the earliest span of time in history?
Genesis, according to the Judao/Christian holy books.
How did a royal governor obtain his position?
If you mean when a royal governor ruled some colonies, the answer is the governor was appointed by the king.
Who was the first governor of Australia?
Australia's first governor was Captain Arthur Phillip (1738 - 1814), who arrived with the First Fleet in 1788. He was, in fact, the Governor of the New South Wales colony.
