Only the second wave was motivated by a need for natural resources for industrialization.
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European powers drew the current borders, splitting ethnic groups among modern countries.
African communities were not devastated by European diseases as American communities were.
Europeans used military force to dominate native peoples and establish permanent colonies.
European populations grew as a result of American foods being introduced to European diets.
The need for new trade routes to the east, the desire to spread Christianity, and competition between European countries