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The Mongols, a group of barbarians from present day Mongolia.

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Q: Who conquered the Russian states in the early AD 1200s?
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Which group had the greatest influence on early Russian culture?

Roman catholic churc


What was the nature of early Russian expansion under the Ivans?

The territorial expansion focused on central Asia, and was motivated by a desire to push the former Mongolian overlords farther back.


Did Kazakhastan once belong to another country?

The original nomadic Turkic tribes inhabiting the region had a culture that featured the Central Asian epics, ritual songs, and legends. These Kazakh groups were conquered by the Mongols in the 13th cent. and ruled by various khanates until the Russian conquest (1730-1840). The 19th cent. saw the growth of the Kazakh intelligentsia. A written literature strongly influenced by Russian culture was then developed. In 1916 the Kazakhs rebelled against Russian domination and were in the process of establishing a Western-style state at the time of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, but by 1920 the region was under the control of the Red Army. Organized as the Kirghiz Autonomous SSR in 1920, it was renamed the Kazakh Autonomous SSR in 1925 and became a constituent republic in 1936. During the Stalin era, collectivization was instituted and millions of Kazakhs were forced to resettle in the region's south in order to strengthen Russian rule. In the early 1960s parts of republic saw extensive agricultural development as the Virgin Lands Territory. Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union on Dec. 16, 1991, and the new nation became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Nursultan Nazarbayev became the country's first president and soon began a gradual movement toward privatization of the economy. In 1994, Kazakhstan signed a series of security agreements with the United States, in which the latter would take control of enriched uranium usable for nuclear weapons and aid Kazakhstan in removing extant nuclear weapons, closing missile silos, converting biological-weapons-production centers, and destroying its nuclear test ranges. These projects were financed by the United States, and most of the work was completed by 2005.


When did deindustrialization start?

The Industrial Revolution came about during the 18th and 19th centuries spreading into the United States from Britain from the 1830s to the early 20th century.


Who seized power in Russia 1917?

At first it was Tsar Nicholas II until he was overthrown in early March. After that it was Prince Georgi Lvov and then Alexander Kerensky as heads of the Russian Provisional Government, respectively. Then it was Vladimir I. Lenin as head of the Bolshevik Party after it overthrew the Provisional Government in early November 1917.