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Feudalism had taken root on the European continent at a time when no central government was strong enough to keep order. Under the circumstances, nobles had to rely on their own warriors for help. The [French political and economic] system they created was an exchange of property for personal service.- the person who granted the property was the lord o r overlord. The person who received it was the vassal. The vassal promised service to his lord in a ceremony called the act of homage. At the same time, the vassal usually pledged his faithfulness by taking the Christian vow of fealty.
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ReneAfter the decline of the Roman Empire in the years between 300 and 400 A.D. Europe sank into what is called by historians the Dark Ages. Writing was unknown in most of post-Roman Europe so there is scant historical record, thus the term Dark Ages.
But the general chaos gave rise to local chieftains and leaders who imposed some order. Some of these leaders became quite powerful and a system of authority developed based on land ownership and heredity.
Just as people today who come up from the working class, make a lot of money and demand more respect and status in our societies, so did the powerful chieftains. They anointed themselves as noble. They invented "the divine right of kings" which was the claim that they had been chosen by God to rule.
If a king could be chosen by God to rule, then so could a duke or an earl or a baron.
The ordinary folk made their way as best they could. If they were farmers, they were allowed to farm a given plot of land as long as they gave a portion of their crops to the local lord. In return they were protected from bandits by the lord's men at arms.
Describing the feudal system in full would take books, but this may shed a little light.
Feudalism began as a way for peasants to have protection from Viking raiders, and lords a self-sustaining manor. Eventually, the system was less helpful for the serfs, who no longer needed protection, and much more so for the lords, who gained more and more power and relied on the serfs more and more heavily.
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