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Charles was forced to use Oxford after the Battle of Turnham Green which occurred on the 13th November 1642 near the village of Turnham Green, at the end the first campaigning season of the First English Civil War. On the battlefield, the engagement resulted in a standoff between the Royalist army of King Charles I and the much larger Parliamentarian army under the command of the Earl of Essex. However, in successfully blocking the Royalist army's way to London, the Parliamentarians gained an important strategic victory because the standoff forced Charles and his army to retreat to Oxford for secure winter quarters. Which remained as his base for the rest of the Civil War

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Q: Why did King Charles hold his court in Oxford during the English civil war?
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