The Pilgrims left England and the Netherlands to escape religious persecution. They found that freedom in the New World in Massachusetts.
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Persecute (from My Best Guess 11.27.201)
The Pilgrims left England in 1608 and went to Holland. They considered the Dutch morally bankrupt and left Holland on September 6, 1620 on a ship called the Speedwell. The Speedwell sailed to England to join up with the Mayflower. However, the Speedwell began to leak so badly that it returned to England and its 102 passengers continued on aboard the Mayflower.
No ruler personally did. It was the Virginia Company.
The two colonies that the Pilgrims found in New England were Plymouth Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Plymouth Colony was settled in 1620, while the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in 1630.
The Plymouth colony pilgrims began their journey from two places. The ports were the Dutch port of Delfshaven and the city of Southampton in England. This was in July of 1620.