The Magna Carta, signed in 1215 by King John, was an important step in because it took some power from the monarch and gave it to the people. An example of this would be that the monarch could no longer take someone's land without just reason and payment to the person for the land. Because of this major step from traditional government, the Magna Carta is often regarded as the basis of Democracy. Never before had power been taken from the monarch and given to the people. It was, however, still a far cry from the consitutional monarchy that Great Britain has today.
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A dike is an intrusive body of volcanic magma that pushes it's way between layers of rocks and sediment.
It depends on what you mean by "how old". Much of Tasmania is composed of dolerite which means the island began life as stewing magma agitating under the earth's crust until, some 145-199 million years ago, it spewed forth from the belly of the earth during the Jurassic period. Much later, about ten thousand years ago, Tasmania split off from the mainland of Australia, compelled by tectonic forces to begin a new life as an island. Anthropological evidence suggests man occupied Tasmania some 35,000 years ago, long before it drifted out to sea. In 1642, Abel Tasman, the European to discover the island, spotted Tasmania. British colonies occupied the island in the early 19th century.