Eight.28 USC § 1, enacted by Congress, states: "The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom shall constitute a quorum."
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, whom President Reagan appointed to the US Supreme Court in 1981, retired in 2006 to spend time with her husband, Jay, who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. John Jay O'Connor died in November 2009.
Justice Lewis F. Powell was succeed by incumbent Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, whom President Reagan nominated to the Court in 1988. Powell was preceded by Justice Hugo Black.
Justice Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan are the only unmarried justices on the current Court (as of September 23, 2010). Justice David Souter, whom Sotomayor succeeded on the bench in 2009, was also unmarried.
The US Constitution takes precedence over state constitutions when there are conflicts between amendments, per the Sixth Amendment Supremacy Clause. The US Supreme Court can't nullify a state constitutional amendment unless it has an opportunity to grant certiorari to a case challenging the state constitution, however. Case law relevant to conflicts between state and federal constitutional conflicts would invariably support the federal constitution. If the State constitutional amendment isn't ruled unconstitutional by the State supreme court, the US Supreme Court would overturn the amendment (if it truly represents a constitutional conflict). In one recent example, New Jersey voters ratified an amendment to their state constitution allowing them the prerogative to recall Congressmen with whom they were dissatisfied. The New Jersey amendment is unconstitutional under the US Constitution, but the Supreme Court can't do anything about it until voters attempt to recall a Senator or Representative and someone with standing (the Senator or Representative himself) files suit contesting the action. The case would have to go through the New Jersey court system and the NJ Supreme Court decision appealed to the US Supreme Court before the federal court could make a determination. The process could take several years, or the amendment could remain part of the NJ constitution indefinitely, if it's never acted upon.
The Supreme Court created an exception to the exclusionary rule for searches conducted by school administrators.
Justice Elena Kagan, whom President Barack Obama appointed in 2011, is the fourth woman to serve on the US Supreme Court.
President of India
The whole principle depends on your country's constitution. A president, senate president or supreme court judge can be impeached.
Eight.28 USC § 1, enacted by Congress, states: "The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom shall constitute a quorum."
There are no current Supreme Court justices who were recess appointments. However, President George Washington appointed John Rutledge as Chief Justice in a recess appointment; his appointment was later rejected by the Senate. President Eisenhower also made three recess appointments to the Supreme Court, all of whom were later confirmed by the Senate.
Not in the US or any country that I know of. Dueling is illegal and it matters not who challenged whom.
President Lyndon Johnson appointed Justice Abe Fortas to the US Supreme Court in 1965 to succeed Justice Arthur Goldman, whom Johnson had persuaded to become US Ambassador to the United Nations. Fortas remained on the Court until his resignation in May 1969.
There has never been a US Supreme Court justice by that name.There is a record of a Judge Thomas Masterson whom President Lyndon Johnson nominated to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1967. He served on the Court until 1973, and died in 2000.There are also historical references to a Thomas Masterson who brought the case Masterson v. Masterson, (1888) before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; a case regarding the estate of a Thomas W. Masterson brought before the Texas Supreme Court (1897); and a case of Masterson v. Phinizy, (1876) appeal of a judgment for damages, brought before the Alabama Supreme Court.
Children do not have the right to make a choice as to whom they will live with in a custodial issue. That decision is left up to the court to decide after many factors are weighed. The court will take into account who you've spent most of your life with.
After a decision is handed down by a US Court of Appeals Circuit Court (in the federal system) or by the highest court in a state (for instance, the state's own supreme court) or is denied a hearing by the state supreme court, the loser can decide to appeal to the Supreme Court. The Court gets many thousands of appeals each year, but only agrees to take a handful of cases (by way of comparison, imagine the court picking 50 cases out of 6000 which are appealed). When the Court decides to hear a case, a writ of certiorari is granted. Each set of lawyers (which often includes a bunch of other lawyers to whom the outcome of the case is important) write arguments called "briefs" and give them to the Court. The Court then hears oral arguments. After that, they decide how they are going to vote and write the majority opinion (also called the opinion of the Court (if five or more agree) and concurring or dissenting opinions (if they cannot agree, or if individual justices disagree with the majority), which are released several months later. (The US Supreme Court procedure is the same for criminal and civil cases.) For more information, see Related Questions, below.
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, whom President Reagan appointed to the US Supreme Court in 1981, retired in 2006 to spend time with her husband, Jay, who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. John Jay O'Connor died in November 2009.