Adjudication, or disposition, refer to a judge's formal ruling. Sometimes, the disposition is not made if a person agrees to complete treatment or probation.
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adjudication
administrative adjudication
Fiscal Federalism is the disposition of tax powers and financial responsibilities among the various level of government in the federation.
After voting for campaign financing reform, he did not accept funds from the government, so he does not have to disclose the source or disposition of his campaign funds.
Its called bills of attainder. People can be punished without a jury trial. Deferred Adjudication in the state of Texas is one of these instances. This allows a judge to postpone a final conviction with a possible dismissal in the end, but to give the defendant responsibility and punishment of the charge against them. A plea of guilty or no contest must be entered to receive Deferred Adjudication but the judge imposes a "punishment" which consists of probation and some other tasks and/or fines to successfully complete. Upon successful completion, though, the charge is dismissed. The arrest record and court proceedings stay on your criminal record but there is no conviction. A person could get a 10 year probation sentence and never once see a jury. Furthermore if a person is arrested for anything more than a traffic violation while on probation or if they violate any condition of their probation through deferred adjudication, the judge has the right to impose the maximum sentence allowed by the original charge, without the person ever going before a jury.