Texas. It was a separate country (after defeating Mexico and winning independence) for ten years before joining the US because it was broke and could sell off pieces of the country (now a state) to the US to pay off its debts.
It joined in 1845, four years before California.
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When a state or nation has control over its own territory that state or nation is said to have sovereignty. This type of sovereignty is called internal or territorial sovereignty.
People in a territory ruled by a government
A "state" (nation-state) has Population, Territory, Soverignty, and Government.
Culture,history,language,territory,nationality,religion
An independent group of people living in a defined territory with an organized government.