The equal protection clause allows for equal protection of the laws for all citizens. The Supreme Court made reference to the clause when they ruled against racial segregation in the Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954. In 1977, the Supreme Court ruled that the law provides for equal opportunity but not guarantee equal outcome. In addition, the clause does not prohibit policies that may unfortunately cause racial disparities.
the 1960s
The 15th amendment
In 1979, the Supreme Court adopted the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. This clause made the amendment more gender-neutral. The Supreme Court pushed for gender-appropriate language to be adopted
Using the process of "selective incorporation," the US Supreme Court has applied most of the Bill of Rights to the States via the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. The Second and Seventh Amendment have not yet been incorporated.
Bill of Rights and The Fourteenth Amendment.
the 1960s
The 15th amendment
the fourteenth amendment to the constitution
The Supreme Court uses the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses to selectively incorporate individual clauses in the Bill of Rights to the states in order to make federal legislation and US Supreme Court decisions enforceable against and within the states. Without the Fourteenth Amendment, Supreme Court decisions would not be enforceable against any body except the federal government. For more information, see Related Questions, below.
Miranda v. Arizona, (1966) didn't affect the Fourteenth Amendment; the Fourteenth Amendment allowed the US Supreme Court's decision to be applied to the states via the Due Process Clause.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)The Fourteenth Amendment, specifically the Equal Protection ClauseFor more information, see Related Questions, below
In 1979, the Supreme Court adopted the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. This clause made the amendment more gender-neutral. The Supreme Court pushed for gender-appropriate language to be adopted
None of the Amendments to the US Constitution refer to incorporation directly; however, the US Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses to apply the Bill of Rights to the States (incorporation). For more information, see Related Questions, below.
The Supreme Court ruled against efforts to apply the Fourteenth Amendment to women
Using the process of "selective incorporation," the US Supreme Court has applied most of the Bill of Rights to the States via the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. The Second and Seventh Amendment have not yet been incorporated.
Bill of Rights and The Fourteenth Amendment.
Bill of Rights and The Fourteenth Amendment.