How many presidents had no military service at the time of their election?
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There have been 43 men who served as US president so far. Of these, three were career military officers, namely Zachary Taylor, Ulysses Grant and Dwight Eisenhower. George Washington, William Henry Harrison and Andrew Jackson all had several years of professional army service, but did not really have a military careers. Several others saw temporary war-time military service-- see the related question for more detail.
There is no requirement that the President have military experience. However, the President is the Commander in Chief of the US Military. As such, it is certainly a big plus in the minds of many people, including the military.
I am not sure what "specialized" means here. The President get advice from his cabinet, from the White House staff and the joint chiefs for military advice. Many of them have special skills and knowledge. Some of them were picked for their service to the President's election campaign .
44
No US president was elected unanimously by popular vote. The only president elected unanimously by the electoral college was George Washington (There was no popular vote in this election).