The confirmation process of federal judicial appointees takes place in the Senate. Hearings are initiated where the appointee is interviewed. The committee votes to bring the matter to the floor. The entire Senate votes and the person becomes a federal judge is the vote is positive.
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In the US, the Legislative Branch.
A presidential appointment is one to a position in the judicial branch, the presidential Cabinet, or in any federal agency within the behemoth that is our bureaucracy. Many appointees undergo a nomination process where they are either confirmed or rejected by the United State Senate. There are several thousand other appointments to other positions as members of boards and heads of agencies which do not require confirmation. Those which require confirmation by the Senate are designated in the Constitution or in legislation which establishes the position involved. Military commissions require confirmation, as well.
The Senate has the 'confirmation power', they confirm or deny all of the presidents appointments (cabinet, judicial, ambassador). The senate's confirmation power the senate shares with the president the responsibility for filling many high-level government positions.
The Judicial Branch had this power. The process in which this branch declare laws constitutional or unconstitutional is called the Judicial Review
The very last step in the judicial process is the appeal. Before the appeal, the sentence is given. Before sentencing, there's post-trial motions.