The top official for each of the two major parties are called majority leader and minority leader. Which ever party has the most members in the house calls their top official the majority leader and the other party leader is then called the minority leader.
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Democrat & Republican
The members of each political party vote for the the whip. This is not an official government function so the parties do not have to use any particular procedure to elect their leadership. The whip is generally selected by the party leader and then confirmed by a vote of the members.
Yes. Both parties still pass a platform at each convention.
nomination
Each state decides. Also any one is free to make a party, so the number is questionable.