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The Washington monument in Washington DC is an obelisk
Memorials are often related to death and destruction: World Trade Center MEMORIAL, Martin Luther King Jr. MEMORIAL or Titanic Wreckage MEMORIAL Bouye. A monument tends to be built to remember a significant person or event in history or a time period. The Empire State Building, for example, is a MONUMENT of the booming American economy of the period and the Arc de Triumph is a MONUMENT to military victories. Of course there is some blurrying between the definitions, but this tends to be the trend: Memorials: More somber, remembrance. Monuments: more of a mark of achievement or historic marker. (and there are some monuments, such as the Washington Monument, which -- although built after Washington's death (so a memorial) is more _symbolic_ of Washington's ideals and the constructs of American freedoms - making it a monument) this is good info
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with stones.
The main difference between the two is the purpose of building the structure. A monument is built in dedication to a certain person, event, etc. An ordinary building, on the other hand, is typically constructed solely for whatever purpose it may fulfill.
One of the most famous monuments in Britain is the monument to Lord Nelson, in Trafalgar Square, London. It is known as Nelson's Column, and features a figure of Nelson, and lions at the foot of the column.