The branch which can tax is the Legislative Branch. This branch includes the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate.
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The Executive Branch enforces the laws which includes the tax laws. The IRS is a government agency headed by the Executive Branch. The Legislative branch creates the tax laws.
Executive branch Executive branch Executive branch
The first Progressive Income Tax was established by Congress, (who under the Constitution is the branch of government with the authority to tax), in the year 1862. The president at the time was Abraham Lincoln.
The Internal Revenue Service which is a part of the Executive branch collects taxes. The Legislative branch which is Congress creates taxes.
The Articles of Confederation