Municipal Courts and Justices of the Peace have the lowest levels of jurisdiction in the Texas state court system. If you had to pick one, probably Municipal Courts are the "lowest."
Municipal Courts in Texas are courts that have limited jurisdiction over certain civil and criminal matters that occur within a municipal area (ie, a city or town). Municipal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over most violations of municipal ordinances. They may also hear preliminary felony hearings, and share jurisdiction over misdemeanors with Justices of the Peace. In civil matters, the jurisdiction of Municipal Courts is generally limited to cases involving dangerous dogs.
For a directory of Municipal Courts, Justices of the Peace, and other state trial courts, visit the Texas Courts Guide related link.
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In single tier local government there is only one lay of local authority in any clearly defined territorial area
The President has the power to appoint federal judges for life, and Congress confirms or denies the appointments. The federal courts' most important power is that of judicial review, the authority to interpret the Constitution.
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Just because something is written on paper, does not make it applicable.Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory and nothing more. It is not the omnipotent truth to all society. In it's time, the theory addressed relatively basic psychology, but as people continue to grow more psychologically diverse, there is no one definitive answer.I agree with the theory that if certain basic needs are not met, then that person cannot focus, but the "hierarchy" is defined by each person. After Maslow's first tier of basic needs are met, the line begins to blur. Although it's not written in any textbook, I am writing it now: As a fairly content person, free from many social insecurities, I feel not the need for validation from my peers. (which is Maslows 4th tier of hierarchy.) While I desire things like respect and intimacy, it's not something that is going to hinder my productivety (Maslows 5th tier of hierarchy.) because I defined myself as a focused person. In fact, I don't agree that the road to self-actualization is paved by social acceptance.I am not sure I even agree with his definition of needs. Many of them seem like basic wants and desires.
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