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The average lifespan of adult pioneers was around 20 to 40 years of age, with some who lived well into their 70s and 80s. The highest mortality was fetal life, newborns, and their mothers, along with children under age 5. Children who lived over age 5 often died before turning age 21. So the hardiest children, exposed to the least infections, were those who survived into adulthood. Of adults and children, most died from 1. infectious or communicable diseases 2. accidents 3. wounds / wounds with infections. The common cold and flu resulted in thousands of deaths in one area. Diseases from dirty water (typhoid) and other highly contagious diseases ran through whole communities, resulting in many deaths.

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12y ago

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