The papacy, or the pope's 'government' controlled the papal states.
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What are the various forms of the government developed in different city-states? Who controlled the government in each?
Papal States.
The federal government controlled the Confederate states during Reconstruction.
All US States and protectorates (like Puerto Rico or Wash DC), are subject, or servient, to the Federal government. That is the idea of being a union of States. However, not all matters are controlled,or allowed to be determined, by the Federal government. Some things, and the list is very large, are determined by each of the States. There are State rights.
A Protectorate