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What are the major causes of the decentralized nature of political parties?
the two major parties are often described as though they were highly organized, close knit, well disciplined groups. neither party is anything of the kind, both are highly decentralized, fragmented, disjointed, and often beset by factions and internal squabbling. (Federalism, the nominating process)
Do the major parties have decentralized structure?
yes
Which institution developed outside the limits of the written constitution of the United states?
Political Parties.
How are interest groups different from political parties?
Interest groups are different from political parties in the sense that they are the ones paying the political parties to help them represent certain views or get certain bills passed in their favor.
Are American political parties highly centralized or highly decentralized?
Political parties in the U.S. are highly decentralized and "weak" (according to most political scientists). This is likely because of the primary system combined with a first-past-the-post electoral system, in which voters from individual districts choose the nominee for each party. This allows voters to choose who most reflect their values (like pro-gun, anti-abortion Democrats in the South). In the UK, where the parties are much stronger and more centralized, the leadership of the parties choose the nominees for each district -- the voters get no say. This lends itself to party members falling in line with the wants of the party leaders much more. John McCain and Arlen Specter are basically impossible in the UK.
