In the olden times, parents were a lot more strict. Sometimes, Puritan parents made there children smell the burning sensation of the Chile pepper. The smoke could burn their noses severly. Also children got whipped, or lickings. (tanning the jackets) Children were NOT grounded or sent to their rooms often. One person that could tell you a lot about that would be Marcy. Just go to her home page. Come to mine, then click on her link. She was raised in the 1940's. Hope this helps!!
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One of there walls protected them from the Scots or Pics.I don't know that it's a monument as such, but Hadrians Wall is one example. The beautiful cities of Bath, Canterbury, Chester & York all have Roman heritage, and of course many roads are on routes laid down in Roman times. The probable answer is the Roman baths in Aquae Sulis: Bath.
Generally speaking there are two answers to this question. In all sense of the term of empire, it can be said that the Roman republic became an empire when the last remnants of its rival, Carthage was laid to waste. Rome then ruled the western areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In another sense, the Roman republic came to an end upon the rule of Augustus Caesar. At that point in 31 BC BCE, Octavian became Augustus Caesar and the "empire" ruled by an emperor can be said to be the end of the republic and into an empire.
Five facts that I thought were interesting about Roman mosaics are that the design of how the tesserae will be laid out is scratched into a thin layer of mortar first, then the tesserae were placed on the mortar, following the pattern. Also, sometimes to make the mosaics very strong, they made a foundation out of broken stones and gravel, then put the mortar down and laid the tesserae out. Another fact I thought was interesting is that the way they designed mosaics is they had books called "pattern books" that had some designs to choose from. Sadly, none have survived. A fourth fact is that Roman mosaic artists almost never signed their work. Lastly, some of the first mosaics were made from colored rocks and pebbles instead of tesserae.
Augustus can hardly be said to have had a negative impact of the Roman Empire. He saved the empire. He won the Final Civil War of the Roman Republic (the last of a series of devastating civil wars which brought down the Republic) and became the sole ruler of the empire and the first Roman emperor. He re-established the stability of the empire by becoming an absolute ruler and creating a strong government capable of controlling the governors of the Roman provinces, who had previously treated the provinces as their personal fiefs, and tackled the corruption and inefficiencies of the government of the Late Republic. The strong governance he created laid the foundations of the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) a 206-year period of relative political stability in the empire which led to great prosperity due to its facilitation of the development of thriving networks around the empire and beyond (Arabia, Persia, India, China and Ethiopia).
The period was the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) that began with the rule of Augustus, and lasted from about 27 BC to 180 AD. Rome did not have any great wars but ruled its vast empire due to its overwhelming military might.