Generally speaking there are two answers to this question. In all sense of the term of empire, it can be said that the Roman republic became an empire when the last remnants of its rival, Carthage was laid to waste. Rome then ruled the western areas of the Mediterranean Sea.
In another sense, the Roman Republic came to an end upon the rule of Augustus Caesar. At that point in 31 BC BCE, Octavian became Augustus Caesar and the "empire" ruled by an emperor can be said to be the end of the republic and into an empire.
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Acording to Caesar himself, the wars in which he took over the Roman Empire began in 49B.C and finished in 45B.C when the last supporters of Pompey in South Spain were defeated.
Athenian democracy, Roman Republic, Roman Empire
No. Rome was a Republic during 236. Rome was a monarchy in its founding and then again when it became the Roman Empire.
The Senate!
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This is a confusing question. First please remember that Rome was already an empire under the republic. What is erroneously called the "Roman empire" is the Principate. The government of the republic was by popular election while the government of the principate was by appointment. Both forms of government used the senate as a consulting body.