There was no single executive, as the Roman Republic was led by two consuls with equal power. Each executive was chosen by the Assembly and ruled for one year, unless re-elected.
Firstly, remember that a legion was the main unit of a Roman army. The Romans would naturally use their legions to conquer new territories. Therefore the legions helped Rome expand during the republic.
The two consuls of the Roman Republic were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. They were not chosen by the senators. They were elected by one of the three popular assemblies of the Republic: the Assembly of the Soldiers.
This is a confusing question. First please remember that Rome was already an empire under the republic. What is erroneously called the "Roman empire" is the Principate. The government of the republic was by popular election while the government of the principate was by appointment. Both forms of government used the senate as a consulting body.
During the period of the Roman republic the consuls were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. During the period of rule by emperors the emperors were absolute rulers and the consulship was reduced to a ceremonial office and a stepping stone to join thew imperial administration.
In the years of the Roman Republic, the consuls were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. Initially they also had judicial duties, but these were transferred to the praetors (chief Justices) when this post was created after 187 years and from then on the consuls only had executive powers. They proposed bills to the vote of the Assembly of the Soldiers or the Assembly of the Tribes. However, in the Late Republic the plebeian tribunes became the main proposers of bills and they submitted them to the vote of the Plebeian Council, which became the main legislative body. In the period of rule by emperors, the emperor took over the Consuls' powers and the consuls' job became largely ceremonial.
The emporer
During the period of the Roman Republic the Roman legions were commanded by the consuls or the praetors. During the period of rule by emperors, the legatus augusti propraetore (imperial legate) commanded two or more legions and the legatus legionis (legion legate) commanded a single legion.
Collectively, the military forces of the Republic of Rome were called the Roman Army. However, the major divisions of the Roman Army were called Legions which were made up of about 5000 men. Legions were divided into ten "Cohorts," which were, in turn, divided into "Centuries" of 83 men. Centuries were commanded by officers called Centurions.
The success of the Roman Republic can be attributed to a combination of both its form of government and its well-organized and disciplined army. The Republican system allowed for the participation of citizens in decision-making and the establishment of checks and balances, fostering stability and cohesion. Meanwhile, the Roman army was highly trained, adaptable, and victorious in numerous conquests, playing a crucial role in expanding the Republic's territories and maintaining control over them.
It became a paid army loyal to its generals.
It became a paid army loyal to its generals.
Sulla, Julius Caesar, Marc Antony when he was at war with Octavian after Caesar's murder, and anyone else who led an army against the established government of the republic.
The consuls were the heads of the republic and the army.
A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.
Their well equipped and disciplined army
He abandoned his plow to save the roman army.
The Roman republic which was the head of the army