During the republic the government was headed by the consuls. They also commanded the army, but other officials, called praetors, could also raise and command an army. Governors of provinces also had this right.
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There was no single executive, as the Roman Republic was led by two consuls with equal power. Each executive was chosen by the Assembly and ruled for one year, unless re-elected.
The counsuls could be considered the chief executives of the republic. They were the highest elected officials and most of the time their proposals for resolutions or laws were passed.
Firstly, remember that a legion was the main unit of a Roman army. The Romans would naturally use their legions to conquer new territories. Therefore the legions helped Rome expand during the republic.
The two consuls of the Roman Republic were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. They were not chosen by the senators. They were elected by one of the three popular assemblies of the Republic: the Assembly of the Soldiers.
This is a confusing question. First please remember that Rome was already an empire under the republic. What is erroneously called the "Roman empire" is the Principate. The government of the republic was by popular election while the government of the principate was by appointment. Both forms of government used the senate as a consulting body.
During the period of the Roman republic the consuls were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. During the period of rule by emperors the emperors were absolute rulers and the consulship was reduced to a ceremonial office and a stepping stone to join thew imperial administration.
In the years of the Roman Republic, the consuls were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. Initially they also had judicial duties, but these were transferred to the praetors (chief Justices) when this post was created after 187 years and from then on the consuls only had executive powers. They proposed bills to the vote of the Assembly of the Soldiers or the Assembly of the Tribes. However, in the Late Republic the plebeian tribunes became the main proposers of bills and they submitted them to the vote of the Plebeian Council, which became the main legislative body. In the period of rule by emperors, the emperor took over the Consuls' powers and the consuls' job became largely ceremonial.