Augustus was the ruler of the Roman Empire when the Aeneid was written. In fact, he specially commissioned Virgil to write it.
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Calilgula
I believe not because Rome was a democracy of sort and had a senate which is almost like today's American Congress. If a barbarian warlord becomes ruler of the Roman Empire, Rome would be anoligarchy. Also, the barbarian ruler would gain too much power and the senate will have to "remove" him ;).
Jupiter was the ruler of the Gods in Roman Mythology?
Augustus can hardly be said to have had a negative impact of the Roman Empire. He saved the empire. He won the Final Civil War of the Roman Republic (the last of a series of devastating civil wars which brought down the Republic) and became the sole ruler of the empire and the first Roman emperor. He re-established the stability of the empire by becoming an absolute ruler and creating a strong government capable of controlling the governors of the Roman provinces, who had previously treated the provinces as their personal fiefs, and tackled the corruption and inefficiencies of the government of the Late Republic. The strong governance he created laid the foundations of the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) a 206-year period of relative political stability in the empire which led to great prosperity due to its facilitation of the development of thriving networks around the empire and beyond (Arabia, Persia, India, China and Ethiopia).
The Roman Empire developed a strong centralised state when Augustus, the first emperor, established his own personal ruler and started the period of absolute rule by emperors. The emperors had control over the state and politics, which ensured centralised power.