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Medieval ploughs were made in many different ways, according to local soil conditions. The mouldboard plough was used in heavy soils such as clays and its main benefit was in turning the soil aside, producing distinctive ridges and furrows - the crops were then grown on the ridges and water could drain away into the furrows.

A drawback in the design was that the wooden mouldboard could become clogged with soil, meaning that the plough was less efficient and much harder to move. Many ploughmen took along a carpenter's axe (also known as a T-axe) and hung this on the beam of the plough, just behind the oxen. It was used to clean off the mouldboard whenever it became clogged.

I have a number of manuscript illustrations from the 12th century showing this axe hung on the plough-beam (in one case the ploughman carries it in his hand).

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Q: Why were mouldboard ploughs more efficient in the middle age?
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Advantages and disadvantages of disc ploughs?

Disc ploughs are farm implements used for primary tillage to break up soil and prepare it for planting. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of disc ploughs: Advantages: High efficiency: Disc ploughs are known for their high efficiency in breaking up hard soils, making them suitable for large scale farming operations. Better weed control: Disc ploughs help to uproot weeds and unwanted plants, which leads to better weed control in fields. Improved soil structure: The ploughing action of disc ploughs helps to improve the soil structure by breaking up compacted soil, which can improve water infiltration and aeration. Reduced soil erosion: The ploughing action of disc ploughs helps to reduce soil erosion by breaking up soil compaction, which reduces the risk of soil runoff. Disadvantages: High power requirements: Disc ploughs require a high amount of power to operate, which means that they are typically used with larger tractors. High maintenance: Disc ploughs have many moving parts that can wear out quickly, requiring regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance. Poor performance on rocky soils: Disc ploughs are not suitable for rocky soils as the discs can become damaged by rocks and stones. High fuel consumption: Due to the high power requirements of disc ploughs, they tend to consume more fuel than other tillage implements. In summary, disc ploughs are efficient and effective implements for primary tillage operations, but they have some disadvantages such as high power requirements, high maintenance, and poor performance on rocky soils.


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