Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois wanted to encourage people to live in the west territories that were created by the Kansas-Nebraska act. In these territories popular sovereignty was used to determine the issue of slavery. Settlers that came to the new territories would be allowed to vote if slavery would be allowed.
Both territories were North of latitude 36.30, and according to the Missouri compromise, slavery was banned in the territories north of this line. the Kansas-Nebraska act would cancel the Missouri compromise. This caused some of the Northerners to feel betrayed by Douglas.
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It was clear that it would be a close-run contest, so outsiders from both sides moved into the state and bought cheap properties in order to qualify for the vote.
Some of them went further and intimidated the locals, as well as trying to upset the ballots and declare them void.
This led to a lot of violence.
The elections offered a temptation to pro-slavery gangsters to cast illegal votes and intimidate the locals into supporting slavery, and some New England Abolitionists crossed the state border and clashed with those groups.
There was a good deal of bloodshed, also accusations of rigged results, and it was some time before it became clear that Kansas was voting free-soil.
It brought every bully-boy in America to thinly-populated Kansas, to intimidate the locals who were trying to vote on whether Kansas shiould be slave or free.
It seemed like a reasonable solution to the slavery debate - let the people of each new state vote on whether it would be slave or free. The flaw in the argument was that the states would be voting one at a time. So every bully-boy in America, from both sides, would descend on one thinly-populated area to commit maximum mayhem. When it was tried-out, in Kansas, the result was called 'Bleeding Kansas'.
Because terrorists know how to take advantage of popular sovereignty! All manner of cross-border ruffians came over to intimidate voters and declare all results to be rigged. In the end, Kansas was voted free soil - but at a terrible cost in bloodshed. The experiment was not repeated.
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act also led to "Bleeding Kansas," a mini civil war that erupted in Kansas in 1856. Northerners and Southerners flooded Kansas in 1854 and 1855, determined to convert the future state to their view on slavery.
War can lead to soldiers returning home with conditions such as PTSD and depression. This can lead to suicide and violence.