Primarily by moving them onto reservations that were totally unlike the places that they had always lived. They also forbade certain traditional activities and speaking their own languages.
However, the Indian was never truly "crushed" Many kept their traditions and spirituality whether they lived on the reservation or were assimilated.
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Literally, Native populations were decimated by disease and war. The culture was destroyed by the process of assimilation and institutions such as the Carlisle Indian School.
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Culture
Whites wanted the sacred land that belonged to the Native Americans for railroads and for establishing cities. However the Native Americans attempted to fight for their land but they had little power and were forced to move westward. The whites killed off millions of buffalo in their building of railroads. This caused a large problem to the Native Americans since they relied on buffalo as a major food source.
a long-running pattern of whites removing Native Americans from their land, their lifestyle, and killing them.
No reason the whites just didn't like them just because their skin color was different.