1814, and again in 1815.
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The first Bourbon restoration was in 1814, after Napoleon got exiled. Though, these Kings had no actual power. The "monarchy" might have been restored for a wile, but only in name. It was a constitutional monarchy. Louis Stanislas Xavier de France (Comte de Provence) pronounced himself King in 1814. He was the brother of Louis XVI who had been killed during the revolution, and of whom he had always been envious. After him, in 1830, his other brother Charles-Philippe de France (Comte D'Artois) was King.
Yes, he was. His grandfather, Henri IV of France, was the the first monarch of the Bourbon branch in France.
It officially ended with the death of the last real King of France on Januari 21st, 1793: Louis XVI. After that, Napoleon came to power and after that the monarchy was temporarily restored, though, king Louis XVIII and Charles X of France were only king in name, and had no official reigning powers.
Under the reign of Louis XIV the government in France was an Absolute Monarchy.
France is not a monarchy and therefore does not have a King and Queen. France is a republic and had a president, Nicolas Sarcozy. France used to be a monarchy, but during the French Revolution the French killed their last King and Queen (Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette) because at that time France was bankrupt and the people were starving. They blamed it all on their King and Queen, which was not fair. Though, the revolutionists wanted France to become a republic so the bourgeoisie could reign alongside their president. In the monarchy France used to be, this was not the case, and the King had the only right to reign the way he saw fit.