The top social class in ancient Chinese societies was typically occupied by nobles and priests. They were the only ones allowed to join this class of people.
The first true slave societies in world history emerged in ancient civilizations, particularly in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE, where slavery became institutionalized as a result of agricultural surplus and social stratification. Other early examples include ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, where slavery was integral to the economy and social structure. These societies relied on enslaved individuals for labor in various sectors, including agriculture, construction, and domestic work, establishing a legacy of slavery that would influence many cultures throughout history.
the extended family
The first cities in the world appeared in Mesopotamia, an ancient region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, primarily in modern-day Iraq. Notable early cities include Uruk and Ur, which emerged around 4000 BCE. These cities developed due to advancements in agriculture, trade, and social organization, leading to the establishment of complex societies. Other early urban centers also arose independently in regions like the Indus Valley and ancient Egypt.
Both had their settlement based on river valleys and seashores.
nn n nmn
Patriarchal societies have origins in various ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and ancient Greece. These societies were typically structured around male dominance and inheritance passing through the male line, impacting social, political, and economic systems. The roots of patriarchy can be traced back to early human history, evolving alongside agricultural and pastoralist societies.
Hieroglyphics refer to a system of writing using pictures and symbols, typically used in ancient Egypt. It was a complex system that conveyed both sounds and meanings. This form of writing was crucial for record-keeping and communication in ancient societies.
The Upper class which included Kings, Queens, Priests and Government Officials
Both had complex social hierarchies - Apex
the ruler was the highest social class
Complex societies are social structures characterized by a high degree of social, political, and economic organization. They typically feature a hierarchical system of governance, diverse occupational roles, and the development of institutions such as religion, education, and trade. These societies often have large populations, advanced technologies, and significant cultural achievements, distinguishing them from simpler, more egalitarian communities. Examples include ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley.
In hunter-gatherer societies, social stratification is typically minimal or non-existent, with more egalitarian social structures. In horticultural societies, social stratification may emerge due to the accumulation of surplus resources and an increase in societal complexity, leading to the development of classes or hierarchies based on wealth, power, or prestige.
Social hierarchies in neolithic societies were more pronounced due to the development of agriculture, which led to the accumulation of wealth and power in the hands of a few individuals. This contrasted with preneolithic societies, which were typically more egalitarian and based on kinship relations rather than wealth or status. Additionally, neolithic societies often had specialized roles and professions, further solidifying social stratification.
In ancient Rome, a wealthy upper-class person was typically referred to as a "patrician." Patricians were members of the aristocratic families who held significant political power and social status. They owned large estates, had access to education, and often occupied important positions in the government and military. This social class was distinct from the lower-class plebeians, who had fewer rights and privileges.
archaeologists. Archaeologists study artifacts, buildings, and other physical remains left behind by ancient societies to understand their culture, social structure, and way of life. They use methods like excavation, analysis, and interpretation to gain insights into the past.
Simple societies are often associated with small populations, limited technology, and traditional, non-complex social structures. These societies typically have close-knit kinship networks, subsistence economies, and a lack of formalized political institutions.
Non-civilized societies typically have simpler social structures, limited technology, and rely on hunting and gathering for sustenance. In contrast, civilized societies have more complex social hierarchies, advanced technology, written language, and often rely on agriculture. Civilized societies also typically have developed forms of governance and infrastructure.