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Re-creating the Tablets of the Law

By Alan R. Millard

"Inscribed with the finger of God," the two stone tablets bearing the Ten Commandments have created a

dramatic focus for many images of Moses descending Mount Sinai, including Rembrandt van Rijn's 17thcentury rendition of "Moses Breaking the Tables of the Law." Here Moses holds above his head two large

black slabs, one partly hiding the other. The front slab is inscribed with the last five commandments, in

square Hebrew letters, according to the traditional biblical text.

These slabs are reminiscent of engraved stone tablets, with the commandments in Hebrew, that hung in

Dutch churches after the Reformation. Similar tablets were attached to the walls of British churches, but

the texts were often in English. Although Rembrandt and other artists have created easily readable

images, archaeological evidence suggests the tablets envisioned in the biblical text would have had a

strikingly different appearance.

How should we imagine the Tablets of the Law that Moses twice brought down from the mountain?

Whether the story is legend or history is irrelevant to this question. However we, are to appreciate the story,

we should try to understand these tablets in the context of their time.

In Cecil B. de Mille's film "The Ten Commandments," an arrow of fire circles and then strikes the rock beside

Moses, searing ancient Hebrew letters into the stone. Then the fire gouges out the rock and cuts it into two

slabs. Moses marches down the mountain, carrying the slabs in his hands, to relay God's laws to the

Israelites.

Even allowing for the fact that Moses remained fit and healthy until his death at 120 (see Deuteronomy

34:7), the image of him striding down a rough, steep mountainside with two slabs the size of paving-stones

is rather ridiculous!

But de Mille was simply drawing on a long tradition of Christian art that shows Moses carrying large stones

in his hands. These painters probably made the stones so large to provide enough space to write the

Hebrew words legibly.

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