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The act of forming the commonwealth of Australia, or the merging of the independent states, was called "Federation".
Yes. As a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations, Australia was bound to join the war when Britain did and on Britain's side.
No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Lieutenant James COOK took possession of just the eastern seaboard in the name of Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901.
Fewer than 2 million people have immigrated to the Commonwealth of Australia. The total overrall people who have been born here is currently at 20 million.
The Northern Territory was never a colony of Australia. The Northern Territory was founded under the name of "Northern Territory" in 1911, which is when it was separated from South Australia and transferred to Commonwealth control. From 1825 to 1863, the Northern Territory was part of New South Wales, and from 1863 to 1911 it was part of South Australia, at neither time being a separate territory or colony - though there was the outpost of Port Essington on the northern coast. On 1 January 1911, the Northern Territory was removed from South Australia's rule and transferred to Commonwealth control.