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They were cheaper than adults, so hiring didn't' cost much. Kids were willing to work long hours to get money for their families.
Children worked because their families needed the money, school was not compulsory. Not all employers were horrible, they did not like to see them in pain. Out of this era also came the villages such as Port sunlight and Bournville that were built for the employees of the factories.
1) They were paid less(half of an adult's wage and orphans weren't paid at all) 2) Most of the machinery could be easily managed by a child. 3) They were small and agile which meant they could repair machinery and fit in small spaces.
Mostly to the owners
Generally, servants occupy the less visible and less desirable areas of a house, such as the basement, the back rooms and rooms on the upper floors. Victorian servants probably ate near the kitchen, out of sight of the owners and their families and guests.
Woman could be paid less because they were thought to be inferior men. Children could be paid even less and could be worked for as long as the factory wanted. Plus children had nimbler fingers and could crawl into machines to fix them.
It meant the urban middle class, meaning lawyers, factory owners, doctors, etc. Basically, people who were doing well but weren't noble. The bourgeoisie made up approximately 8% of France's population at this time.