court reporter - types every important conversation in the court, including conversations between judge and advocates on both sides, jury questions and answers, and the conversations by the involved parties.
stenographer - don't really exist anymore; personal assistant may assume this position; use short-hand to take down notes dictated by the superior, like a CEO, or bank manager, or superior. Then they type down the notes taken and given rough drafts for correction and then finally give the final report of dictation.
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S.Ct. (without a space between S. & Ct.) is the abbreviation for Supreme Court Reporter. U.S. is the abbreviation for United States Reports, the bound volumes where Supreme Court opinions are published.
Customs Court
Fundamental rights are justiciable where as directive principles are not justiciable. The provision of directive priciple thus cannot be enforced in court of law.
The hierarchy of federal courts is District Court, Court of Appeals, US Supreme Court. So, the Court of Appeals is the answer. At least if your quest is only specifying the federal judiciary.
(in the US) There is no such distinction. There are only STATE Supreme Courts (one per state) and the U.S. Supreme Court. EXCEPT in New York State, where each county outside of New York City has both a County Court and a Supreme Court (and also a Family Court and a Surrogate's Court). In most counties, the Supreme Court hears civil cases and the County Court hears civil cases, but this can vary a bit by county. See the related links for more info. While in most states the state Supreme Court is the highest state court and hears appeals from lower courts such as County Courts, the highest state court in New York is called the Court of Appeals.