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What are some aspects of the Supreme Court's structure and composition that the Constitution does not specify?
The Constitution does not specify a number of different things about the Supreme Court including:Qualifications Necessary to become a Supreme Court Judge or any Federal JudgeNumber of justices on the CourtDistinction between Chief Justice and Associate JusticesLength of Service or Term (it is implied to be a life term, but never made explicit)How to leave the Supreme CourtResponsibility for Circuit CourtsWhen the Court's Term begins and endsThe Proper Relationship with Lower Courts, i.e. that cases in the District Courts must go through the US Courts of Appeals / Circuit Courts before going to the Supreme CourtRequirement for a Writ of Certiorari (for a case to be heard)Judicial Reivew
What is the term for when a district is intentionally configured to maximize the influence of a certain group?
Jerrymandering
What is the length of term for a suffolk county executive?
4 years
What is the difference between Article II courts and Article III courts?
Federal courts in the United States are sometimes classified as "Article I courts," "Article II courts" and "Article III courts," in reference to the first three articles of the U.S. Constitution: Article I addresses the legislative power of the federal government, which includes Congress's power over non-state territories (e.g., American Samoa). Article I courts include territorial courts (U.S. District Court for the Virgin Islands, for example), and also some specialized courts created by Congress for specific purposes (such as the United States Tax Court and the United States Court of Military Appeals). Judges of Article I courts generally do not have the constitutional protections of life tenure or salary protection, and are instead often appointed for fixed terms (such as 10 or 14 years). Article II addresses the executive power of the federal government, which includes the President's power as commander in chief. The term "Article II court" is rarely used (and there isn't really a solid distinction between an "Article I court" and an "Article II court"), but military courts martial are sometimes considered Article II courts. So, too, are military commissions, and the anomalous U.S. Court for Berlin. (Note, by contrast, the U.S. Court for China, which is considered an Article I court.) Article III addresses the judicial power of the federal government. The vast majority of federal courts are "Article III courts," including the U.S. Supreme Court, the various U.S. Courts of Appeals (for the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, D.C. and Federal Circuits), and all of the United States District Courts other than the territorial courts. The U.S. Court of International Trade is also an Article III court. Judges of Article III courts enjoy salary protection and life tenure (that is, they may only be removed by impeachment and conviction).
Are federal judges appointed for life the same as US Supreme Court justices?
It could be. The lowest level of Article III courts in the U.S. is called United States District Court, and the judges are typically referred to as United States District Court Judges. However, many states also call some level of their courts district courts as well, and those judges would commonly be referred to as district judges as well.
