They were some of the largest and grandest buildings
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The Roman catholic church during the middle ages in Europe can best be described as a church that was a stable influence. This was during a time where central governments were weaker.
No one single person encouraged the Crusades. These military campaigns were sanctioned by the Latin Roman Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages and Late Middle Ages.
The influence of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages was a major factor in art and science. The Church had a tendency to stifle science while encouraging religious art.
Oversimplified, the major unifying force of Europe during the middle ages was universal Christianity (both Roman Catholic and Orthodox) providing an us-vs-them mentality in oppostion to their Islamic foes in the Ottoman Empire, the caliphates (abbasid, fatimid, etc.), the Emirate of Cordoba, and Al-Andulas.
The heritage of Rome, Various German tribes, Beliefs of Roman catholic church